| TB_Q8.3.35When it comes to religion, the lower classes tend to be attracted toa. more subdued worship.b. more expressive worship services and louder music.c. the Episcopalian denomination.d. the nearest church.Answer: b. more expressive worship services and louder music. There are a number of key differences in relation to religious belief and social class, both in terms of overall religiosity and the membership and practice of particular religions, denominations, sects, etc. Show
There has been a traditional view that religiosity was stronger among the working class, tying into Weber’s idea of a theodicy of disprivilege and also the traditional Marxist idea that the purpose of religion was to act as an opiate or spiritual gin for the masses. Marxists argue that religion performs different functions for different classes, so for the ruling class it legitimates their position and their success, and for the working-class it offers hope for reward in the afterlife. However, there is some evidence to suggest that, in contemporary society, religiosity is in fact higher among the middle class. A survey from 2015 suggested that 62% of church goers are middle class. There are a range of possible explanations for this, but one is that religion offers opportunities for social networking which the middle class make use of, rather than that there is necessarily a greater amount of religious faith among the middle class. Drill down further and the picture is more complex. In the UK, the Anglican Church is much more middle class than the Roman Catholic church or the Methodist church. Again the reasons for this are not straightforward. The Anglican church is the established church and is seen as the religion of the ruling class. (It was once described as “the Tory Party at prayer”). But the Anglican Church today often takes anti-establishment positions on social issues; also the Quaker religion is overwhelmingly middle class while being politically much more radical and anti-establishment. The Roman Catholic church is much more working class in the UK. This might relate to its predominance in some well-established and newer migrant communities (e.g. Irish and Eastern European). Also areas that were traditionally popular with Irish immigrants were large industrial cities of the North, such as Liverpool. Interestingly, although Catholicism is often seen as a conservative religion, particularly in terms of social attitudes, in the UK catholics are significantly more likely to be Labour voters than Anglicans. Methodism is also much more working class than Anglicanism. Again this has much to do with the geographical areas where the faith is well-established, such as industrial areas of the north of England, and also because of its history as a sect and the issues about sects’ appeal to working-class individuals discussed in the last section. It has also been suggested that many New Age movements and cults have particularly appealed to the middle class. This might be down to a sense of spiritual deprivation. Bruce (1995) argued that spiritual needs seem more important to those who have few material needs. Others have pointed out that middle-class individuals can still feel relatively deprived and therefore seek answers for why they are not as successful as some of their peers.
Why is it that the middle classes are more attracted to mainstream churches, while the working classes find denominations more appealing. And how do we explain the different social class profiles of different NRMs? Churches and DenominationsThe Church of England has close ties with ‘the establishment’: The Queen, for example, is the ‘Defender of the Faith and Supreme Governor of the Church of England’ and the Prime Minister remains responsible for appointing bishops. There are also a significant number of bishops in the House of Lords. Thus the Church of England has a very ‘elitist’ feel about it, which goes at least some way to explaining its appeal to the middle classes. Ahern’s (1987) survey of working class inner city Londerners found that they were generally distrustful of the mainstream Church of England. They generally felt as if the relationship between the church and the working classes was one of us ‘us versus them’. They found its ministers patronizing, gloomy and boring and claimed that ministers were ‘culturally embarrassed’ by the presence of working class individuals in church. Glock (1964) argues that some people from lower socio-economic backgrounds are attracted to sects because they help them coping with their disadvantage: by offering ‘spiritual compensation’ for economic deprivation, for example. Roy Wallis (1984) argued that denominations such as Methodism attracted more working class people because they were organised and run by their congregations. They also taught values of moral responsibility that most working class people identified with (such as hard work and thrift). Andrew Holden’s (2002) research with the Jehovah’s Witnesses found that recruits were drawn mainly form the skilled working-classes, self-employed and lower middle classes. He theorized that these people had little interaction with others in their job roles, and little social status as a result. They way the Jehovah’s Witnesses was structured compensated them for their lack of status at work, what with the movement’s strong emphasis on self-sacrifice and assurance of salvation. Roy Wallis suggests that some of the New Religious Movements such as the Unification Church and Krishna Consciousness attracted mainly well educated middle class people – and suggested that these movements compensated them for ‘psychic deprivation’ – they were disillusioned with their parents’ capitalist values and turned to these organisations for an alternative. Sources Chapman et Al (2013) Sociology, AQA Year 2 Student Book
There is no definitive answer to this question as people’s beliefs and opinions can vary greatly. However, some studies have shown that the lower classes are more likely to be attracted to religion than the middle or upper classes. This is likely due to the lower class’s lack of access to education and other resources that can help them develop their religious beliefs. Additionally, many people in the lower classes are not formally educated and may not have the opportunity to explore their religious beliefs. Why do social classes exist?Social classes exist because people in different social classes have different needs and wants. For example, the wealthy can afford to have a lot of servants, while the poor can’t. The wealthy can also afford to have expensive cars, while the poor can’t. The wealthy can also afford to have a lot of money, while the poor can’t. Who invented the class system?The first system of education was the feudal system, in which schools were run by lords and their families. This system was abandoned in the 12th century because it was unable to keep up with the growth of learning. What is social class mobility?Social class mobility is the ability of people to move up or down the social ladder, depending on their economic status. WHAT IS Exchange mobility?Exchange mobility is a term used to describe the ability of an Exchange server to move user data between different Exchange servers. What is downward mobility sociology?Downward mobility sociology is the study of how social and economic conditions affect people’s ability to move up the social ladder. It can include research on the effects of economic inequality, social inequality, and family stability on upward mobility. Is 75000 a good salary?There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on a person’s specific qualifications and experience. However, if a person is looking for a career with high potential and earns a median salary of 75,000, then they may be able to call themselves a successful salary seeker. What are the social classes today?There is no definitive answer to this question as social classes have changed over time. However, in the early 21st century, there is a growing trend of people identifying as “middle class.” This means that they hold a middle class lifestyle and income, but may also have some lower-class characteristics, such as a lower education or less access to certain services. See also What Type Of Light Has A Wavelength Equal To 1 Kilometer? How does social class affect education?Social class affects education in many ways. For example, people with a higher social class often have more access to education and resources. This means they can afford to send their children to better schools. also, people with a higher social class often have more opportunities to get good jobs. This means they can afford to pay for better education. What defines lower class?Lower class refers to those who are not in the top income bracket. This includes people who are not millionaires, billionaires, or people who make less than $50,000 a year. Which social class is most shaped by education?The social class of a person is shaped by their education. What is life like for the lower middle class?Lower middle class life is typically more difficult than for the middle class and upper middle class. They may have more difficult financial situations, less access to education and health care, and less opportunities for career growth. Who are the lower class in the Philippines?The lower class in the Philippines is composed of people who are not well-educated and who are not able to find work. Who belongs in the lower class?In the lower class, people who are not wealthy or have low levels of education are typically considered. What kind of social mobility when a person moves from a lower position in society to a higher one?A person’s social mobility when they move from a lower position in society to a higher one depends on their educational level, job experience, and other factors. See also Which Nations Industrialized First And Why? What is it called when the same numbers of people move up and down the social class ladder such that on balance the social class system shows little change?The term “social class system” refers to the way in which different social classes interact with each other. This interaction can be seen in the way that the social classes change over time, and in the ways in which they interact with each other. What is mobility sociology?Mobility sociology is the study of social movements and movements to improve social mobility. It looks at how people use transportation, housing, and other resources to move around and access opportunities. What determines class in America?The American class system is determined by wealth and power. What is lower class society?Lower class society refers to societies in which people who are not in the top class have less access to goods and services than people in the top class. This also includes a lack of social mobility, which means that people in the lower class have less opportunities to move up in the social hierarchy. What is class system in sociology?In sociology, a class system is a social organization in which social classes are distinguished by their educational and professional opportunities. What is social class determined by?Social class is determined by how much money a person has. Is 100k a good salary?There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on a variety of factors, including experience, location, and other qualifications. However, according to the National Employment Law Project, the median salary for a job in the U.S. is $53,000. So, if you are looking for a job that pays a livable wage, 100k may be a good starting point. See also How Many Moles Are In 2.04 1024 Molecules Of H2o? What defines lower middle class?The lower middle class is typically defined as those who make between $50,000 and $75,000 per year. What is the relationship of social mobility and social inequality?Social mobility is the ability of individuals to move up the social ladder, while social inequality is the difference in wealth and income between individuals. What is upper class and lower class?Lower class refers to people who are below the poverty line, while upper class refers to people who are above the poverty line. Is working class lower class?There is no single answer to this question as it depends on the specific definition of “working class.” Generally speaking, the working class is a group of people who have lower incomes and living conditions than the middle or upper classes. What is class according to Marx?Class according to Marx is the division of society into classes based on their ability to produce commodities. What is another word for lower class?The word “lower class” can be used to describe someone who is not in a high class or someone who is not as well-off as someone in a higher class. How does your social class affect you?There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as the social class of someone affects their overall life experience and outlook. However, some people may find that their social class affects their access to resources and opportunities, as well as their ability to interact with people from different backgrounds. How do social classes change?Social classes change through the process of economic development. Class distinctions change as businesses become more profitable and people are able to afford more luxurious lifestyles. See also Xchocobars Wiki, Biography, Age, Career? What is upward and downward mobility?Upper mobility refers to people who are able to move up in their career ladder. Downward mobility refers to people who are unable to move up in their career ladder. |
When it comes to religion, the lower class tend to be attracted to
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