In the interview process, the interview should avoid rudeness, coarseness, condescension, and

According to David Ewing, two factors explain the absence of civil liberties and the prevalence of authoritarianism in the workplace. Which of the following is one of them?

the rise of personnel engineering and professional management

According to David Ewing,

the corporate invasion of employees\’ civil rights is rampant.

According to common-law, to legally terminate an employee, an employer

need have no reason at all.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about modifications to common law from the Wagner Act of 1935?

It’s illegal to fire workers because of union membership.

Fair personnel policies and decisions must be based on criteria that are clear, job related, and

equally applied

Which statement is true about the hiring and employment process?

According to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the contrary, every employment is employment "at will."

Since Congress passed the Americans With Disabilities Act in 1994,

employers must make "reasonable accommodations" for disabled workers.

The hiring process needs to include screening, testing, and

interviewing.

Which of these is a valid reasoning for not hiring a potential employee?

The person has a lack of experience.

Tests are designed to measure the applicants’s skills in verbal, quantitative, and

reasoning ability

To be successful any test used by a corporation must be:

valid

The appropriate guideline for testing potential employees is:

Griggs v. Duke Power Company, which prohibits employers from requiring a high school education as a prerequisite for employment or promotion without demonstrable evidence that the associated skills relate directly to job performance

In the interview process, the interview should avoid rudeness, coarseness, condescension, and

hostility

Conscious and unconscious biases and stereotypes are as the English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) called

"idols of the mind"

The key moral ideal in promotions is

fairness

Of the four types of discharge, firing

for-cause dismissal–the result of employee theft, gross insubordination, release of proprietary information, and so on

Employers have the right to fire an employee who performs inadequately, but they should do so

as painlessly as possible

One of the seven factors given to help minimize the chances of setting unfair wages and salaries is that

An employer’s financial capabilities affect what constitutes a fair wage scale for that employer’s employees.

Choose the factual precept concerning wages:

a fari wage presupposes a fair work contract

Groups of 18th century skilled artisans formed secret societies for two basic reasons. Which of the following is one of those reasons?

to equalize their relationship with their employers

Austin Fagothey and Milton Gonsalves believe one of the three conditions when a direct strike is justified is

when it is a last resort

Unions employ two kinds of boycotts to enforce their demands. These two kinds of boycotts are

primary and secondary

In union terms, a direct strike occur

when an organized body of workers withholds its labor to force the employer to comply with its demands

Which of the following is a correct statement about union activities?

a sympathetic strike occurs when workers who have no particular grievance of their own and who may or may not have the same employer decide to strike in support of others

According to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the contrary, every employment is employment at will and either side is free to terminate it at any time without advance notice or reason.

T

A workplace environment in which employees are treated fairly and their inherent dignity respected is compatible with a firm’s business goals.

T

In a handful of American cities local ordinances prohibit discrimination against those who are short or overweight.

T

A job description describes the qualifications an employee needs, such as skills, educational experience, appearance, and physical attributes.

F

The reliability of a test refers to the quality of exhibiting a reasonable consistency in results obtained.

T

Inbreeding is the practice of showing favoritism to relatives and close friends.

F

Inbreeding refers to longevity on a job or with a firm.

F

Nepotism is the practice of promoting exclusively from within the firm.

F

One of the chief concerns of nepotism is the disregard of managerial responsibilities to the organization and of fairness to other employees.

T

Due process requires specific and systematic means for workers to appeal discharge or disciplinary decisions.

T

Just cause requires that reasons for discipline or discharge related directly to job performance.

T

When weighing the decisions to terminate employees, companies need to remember that employment affects families and communities, not just individuals.

T

When most people fire another employee, they do it with great joy.

F

Traditionally, the obligations between a business organization and its employees could be boiled down to "A fair wage for an honest day’s work."

T

Job performance and the fairness of the work contract are relevant to the issue of fair wages.

T

The Wagner Act of 1935 permitted firing workers because of union membership or union activities.

F

Labor historians generally consider the Knights of Labor (K of L), established in 1869, as the first truly national trade union.

T

From the beginning, unions have been driven by an attempt to protect workers from abuses of power at the hands of employers.

T

An individual with great strength is an equal with the employer in the negotiation process.

F

A corporate boycott occurs when an organized body of workers withholds its labor to force an employer to comply with its demands.

F

If employees who don’t join the union get the same benefits as union members, this raises a question of fairness.

T

The express purpose of a boycott is the same as a strike – to hurt the employer and strengthen the union.

T

Sympathetic strikes have very little power.

F

The express purpose of any boycott is the same as that of a strike – to hurt the employer or company financially and thus strengthen the union’s bargaining position.

T

A primary boycott occurs when people refuse to patronize companies that handle products of struck companies.

F

Privacy

must be respected if we are to function as complete, self-governing agents

The right to privacy of employees

may conflict with an organization’s legitimate interests

When it comes to obtaining information about employees, a key concept is

informed consent

Polygraph tests

are impossible to beat when properly administered

The one key questionable premise underlying personality tests is

that all individuals can usefully and validly be placed into a relatively small number of categories of personality types and character traits

Used properly, personality tests serve two purposes in the work place. Which of the following is one of those purposes?

Personality tests help screen applicants for jobs by indicating areas of adequacy and inadequacy

Drug testing is mostly an issue for businesses with regards to

…

Which statement has the proper perspective about the testing of employees by a business?

drug testing can only be defensible when it is really pertinent to employee performance and when there is a lot at stake

Which of the following is an true statement about the information gained from polygraph tests?

not only should the organization have job-related grounds for using the polygraph, but these must be compelling enough to justify violating the individuals privacy and psychic freedom

According the chapter, company monitoring of employees often gathers personal information without

…

Many major employers routinely monitor the performance of their employees through the computers and telephones they use. The one check that they can do is

check the number of keystrokes that word processors enter during the day

A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that postal workers who tested positive for drug use in a pre-employment urine test were at least 50 percent more likely to be

fired injured, disciplined, or absent than those who tested negative

Statistics indicate that on the job, about 5,000 people every year are

Killed

The most accurate statement about workplace safety is:

workers are often unaware of the hazards they face on the job

The proper approach to promote safety is found in the "hidden culture" which is

a culture that is proactively oriented toward safety

Out of these four, which one is the only correct statement concerning OSHA?

critics call OSHA a "toothless tiger"

Douglas McGregor rejects Theory X, which holds that

workers essentially dislike work and will do everything they can to avoid it

"Corporate infighting," "management power struggles," "maneuvering and politics and power grabbing" and "Machiavellian intrigues" are all phrases H. Ross Perot uses to describe

the reality of corporate life today

The United States has more of what per employee than any other industrial nation?

managers

The most common reason that people leave their jobs is

a poor relationship with their immediate supervisor

The Hawthorne effect shows

attentions and recognition can enhance worker productivity and motivation

An early 1970s government study ("Work in America") identified three chief sources of worker dissatisfaction. Which of the following is one of those sources?

the rigidity of rules and regulations

One of the three chief sources for dissatisfaction in the workplace is

lack of opportunities to be one’s own boss

When employees at all occupational levels are asked to rank what is important to them, the order that they put them in is:

interest work; sufficient help, support and information to accomplish the job; enough authority to carry out the work; and good pay

A fact about job satisfaction is

a lack of job satisfaction can create mental health problems

In 1928, U.S. Supreme Court Judge Louis D. Brandeis described the right to privacy, or "the right to be left alone," as "the right most valued by men."

T

As a general rule, the burden is on an organization to establish the legitimacy of infringing on what would normally be considered the personal sphere of the individual

T

There is a general consensus among philosophers and lawyers about how to define the right to privacy.

F

Privacy is widely acknowledged today to be a fundamental right

T

The general proposition that a firm has a legitimate interest only in employee behavior that significantly influences work performance applies equally to off-the-job conduct.

T

Informed consent implies deliberation and free choice.

T

Businesses often claim polygraphs are a fast and economical way to verify the information provided by a job applicant.

T

If a polygraph test is 95 percent accurate, there are unlikely to be any "false positives."

T

The Employee Polygraph Protection Act permits most private employers to use lie detectors in "pre-employment testing.

F

When used properly, personality tests can help screen applicants for jobs by indicating areas of adequacy and inadequacy.

T

Notification of employee monitoring constitutes consent on the part of the employee to be monitored.

F

Any drug-testing program, assuming it is warranted, must be careful to respect the dignity and rights of the persons to be tested.

T

According to published statistics, each year in the United States nearly 100,000 workers are killed on the job.

F

Employees have a legal right to refuse to work when it exposes them to imminent danger.

F

One problem that OSHA will have to address in the future is the increasing number of musculoskeletal disorders.

T

OSHA requires safeguards whether or not they are "feasible."

F

The breaking up of jobs into smaller and smaller units, with each worker performing fewer tasks but repeating them thousands of times a day, has contributed to health problems in manufacturing.

T

Fatigue and stress is less of a health problem than it used to be.

F

No set of assumptions about human nature is absolutely correct or incorrect, nor is there one perfectly right way to manage.

T

Parental leave and flexible work arrangements always hurt the bottom line, however much they may benefit parents.

F

An early 1970s government survey of worker dissatisfaction identified the lack of opportunities to be one’s own boss as one of the three chief sources of worker dissatisfaction.

T

Increased productivity by changing the color of the surrounding working environment is known as the "Hawthorne effect."

F

One study suggests a positive correlation between job satisfaction and longevity

T

Granting workers new responsibilities and respect can benefit the entire organization.

T

The key purpose of quality of work life (QWL) programs is to involve workers more fully in the production process by seeking their ideas.

F

According to the traditional law of agency, which statement is true?

employees are under a legal obligation to act loyally and in good faith and to carry out lawful instructions.

Conflicts of interest

The situation that arises when employees at any level have special or private interests that are substantial enough to interfere w/ their job duties

Conflicts of interests are what kind of problem?

moral

Some writers deny that employees have any obligation of loyalty to the company, because

companies are not the kind of things that are properly objects of loyalty.

When an employee’s interests are likely to interfere with the employee’s ability to exercise proper judgment on behalf of the organization, what exists?

conflict of interest

Conflicts of interest may exist when employees have financial investments

in suppliers, customers, or distributors with whom their organizations do business.

According to the Supreme Court

there’s nothing improper about outsiders using information

A "trade secret"

a secret device or technique used by a company in manufacturing its products.

The use of one’s official position for what always raises moral concerns and questions?

personal gain

Insider trading is

the buying or selling of stocks (or other financial securities) by business "insiders" on the basis of information that has not yet been made public and is likely to affect the price of the stock