When a choice must be made between two attractive goals

Any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one's well-being and thereby tax one's coping abilities.

What is the difference between Primary Appraisal and Secondary Appraisal of stress?

Primary Appraisal: Initial evaluation of whether an event is (1) irrelevant to you, (2) relevant but not threatening, or (3) stressful.Secondary Appraisal: An evaluation of your cooping resources and options for dealing with the stress.

Give examples of cover ethnicity-related sources of stress.

Racial discrimination negatively affects the mental health adn well-being for targets of racism.

Acute stressors: Threatening events that have a relatively short duration and clear endpointChronic stressors: Threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limitAnticipatory stressors: Upcoming or future events that are perceived to be threatening

Occurs in any situation in which the pursuit of some goal is thwarted

Approach-Approach Conflict:Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict:Approach-Avoidance Conflict:

A choice must be made between two attractive goals.A choice must be made between two unattractive goals.A choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects.

Explain how the Social Readjustment Rating Scale worksWhich type of Life Events cause most of the stress tapped by the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

List of 43 major life vents that reflects the magnitude of the readjustment required by each changeDeath of a spouseDivorceMarital speration

Pressure: involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain wayPressure to PERFORMPressure to CONFORM

(Stress)Impaired task performanceWhy do some people choke under pressure?

Elevated self-consciousness may divert attention from the demands of the task, creating a distraction, Second, on well-learned tasks that should be executed almost automatically, the self-conscious person may focus TOO much attention on the task. Thus the person thinks too much about what he or she is doing

(Stress)Disruption of cognitive functionBeing under pressure can cause us to jump to a _

A syndrome involving physical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and a lowered sense of self-efficacy that is attributable to work-related stress.

Enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event.

In addition to war combat, what are other highly traumatic events?

Rape, car accident, robber or assault, or the witnessing of someones death. Major disasters such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and fires.

List the symptoms of PTSD

Re-experiencing the traumatic event in form of nightmares and flashbacks. Emotional numbing, alienation, problems in social relations, and elevated arousal, anxiety, and guilt.

What is Psychosomatic Illness?List the classic psychosomatic illnesses.Stress may influence the onset of other diseases. Which?

Diseases defined as genuine physical ailments thought to be caused in part by stress and other psychological factors.Classics include high blood pressure, peptic ulcers, asthma, skin disorders, migraine and tension headachesHeard disease, stroke, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, diabetes, leukemia, cancer, and more.

Post-traumatic Growth can force people to do what?

Force people to learn new skills reevaluate priories, learn new insights, and acquire new strengths.

How can social support influence stress?

How can Hardiness influence stress?

Hardiness: Disposition marked by commitment, challenge, and control that is purportedly associated with strong stress resistance.Lower likelihood of developing PTSD. Hardiness protects against stress

How can Optimism influence stress?

It is beneficial when stress is mild but not when stress is more severe. Its wise to keep a middle ground.