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Paul's passion for technology and digital media goes back over 30 years. Born in the UK, he now lives in the US. Public domain image via Pixabay What Is a Search Engine?Also known as a web search engine and an internet search engine, a search engine is a (usually web-based) computer program that collects and organizes content from all over the internet. The user enters a query composed of keywords or phrases, and the search engine responds by providing a list of results that best match the user's query. The results can take the form of links to websites, images, videos, or other online data. How Do Search Engines Work?The work of a search engine can be broken down into three stages. Firstly, there is the process of discovering the information. Secondly, there is the organization of the information so that it can be effectively accessed and presented when users search for something. Thirdly, the information must be assessed to present search engine users with relevant answers to their queries. These three stages are usually called crawling, indexing, and ranking. CrawlingSearch engines use pieces of software called web crawlers to locate publicly available information from the internet, which is why this process is known as crawling. Web crawlers can also sometimes be referred to as search engine spiders. The process is complicated, but essentially the crawlers/spiders find the webservers (also known as just servers for short) which host the websites and then proceed to investigate them. A list of all the servers is created, and it is established how many websites are hosted on each server. The number of pages each website has, as well as the nature of the content, for example, text, images, audio, video, is also ascertained. The crawlers also follow any links that the website has, whether internal ones that point to pages within the site, or external ones that point to other websites and use them to discover more pages. IndexingInformation found by the crawlers is organized, sorted, and stored so that it can later be processed by the algorithms for presentation to the search engine user. This is known as indexing. Not all the page information is stored by the search engine, instead, it's just the essential information needed by the algorithms to assess the relevance of the page for ranking purposes. RankingWhen a query is entered into a search engine, the index is scoured for relevant information and then sorted into a hierarchical order by an algorithm. This ordering of the search engine results pages (SERPS) is known as ranking. Different search engines use different algorithms, and so give different results. Over the years, algorithms have become more and more complex as they attempt to present more relevant and accurate answers in response to the queries of search engine users. 10 Examples of Search Engines1. GoogleGoogle is the biggest search engine in the world by far. It handles over 5 billion searches each day and has a market share of over 90% at the time of writing (August 2019). Developed originally by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1997, Google has become so successful that it has become synonymous with search engine services, even entering the dictionary as a verb, with people using expressions such as: "I googled it" when they've searched for something online. 2. BingThe origins of Microsoft's Bing can be found in the technology company's earlier search engines, MSN Search, Windows Live Search, and Live Search. Bing was launched in 2009 with high hopes that it could usurp its rival Google, but despite attracting many fans, things haven't quite worked out that way. Even so, Bing is the third largest search engine worldwide after Google and Baidu. It is available in 40 different languages. 3. Yahoo!Yahoo! Search is another big player in the search engine world. However, for much of its history it has supplied the user interface, but relied on others to power the searchable index and web crawling. From 2001 to 2004, it was powered by Inktomi and then Google. From 2004, Yahoo! Search was independent until a deal was struck with Microsoft in 2009 whereby Bing would power the index and crawling. 4. Ask.comOriginally known as Ask Jeeves, Ask.com is a little different from Google and Bing, as it uses a question and answer format. For a number of years, Ask.com was focused on becoming a direct rival to the big search engines, but nowadays, answers are supplied from its vast archive and users contributions, along with the help of an unnamed and outsourced third-party search provider. 5. BaiduFounded in the year 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu, Baidu is the most popular search engine in China, and the fourth most visited website in the world, according to Alexa rankings. Baidu has its origins in RankDex, a search engine previously developed by Robin Li in 1996. As well as its Chinese search engine, Baidu also offers a mapping service called Baidu Maps and more than 55 other internet-related services. 6. AOL.comAOL, now styled as Aol. and originally known as America Online, was a big player in the early days of the internet revolution, providing a dial-up service for millions of Americans in the late 1990's. Despite AOL's decline as broadband gradually replaced dial-up, the AOL search engine is still used by a significant minority of searchers. On June 23, 2015, AOL was acquired by Verizon Communications. 7. DuckDuckGoDuckDuckGo (DDG) has a number of features that distinguish it from its main competitors. It has a strong focus on protecting searchers' privacy, so rather than profiling users and presenting them with personalized results, it provides the same search results for any given search term. There's also an emphasis on providing quality rather than quantity when it comes to search results. DDG's interface is very clean and not overladen with adverts. 8. WolframAlphaWolframAlpha markets itself as a computational knowledge engine. Instead of answering the queries of searchers with a list of links, it responds with mathematical and scientific answers for their questions, using externally sourced "curated data". WolframAlpha was launched in 2009 and has become a valuable tool for academics and researchers. 9. YandexLaunched in 1997, Yandex is Russia's largest search engine, and the country's fourth most popular website. Outside of Russia, the search engine also has a major presence in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. As well as search, Yandex offers many other internet-related products and services, including maps and navigation, music, eCommerce, mobile applications, and online advertising. 10. Internet ArchiveThe Internet Archive provides free public access to a wide range of digital materials. A nonprofit digital library based in San Francisco, it's a great tool for tracing the history domains and seeing how they have evolved over the years. Besides websites, you can also find software applications and games, movies/videos, music, moving images, and a huge collection of public-domain books. The Internet Archive also campaigns for a free and open internet. This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional. © 2019 Paul Goodman This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (August 2014) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (August 2014) A search engine is an information retrieval system designed to help find information stored on a computer system. The search results are usually presented in a list and are commonly called hits. Search engines help to minimize the time required to find information and the amount of information which must be consulted, akin to other techniques for managing information overload.[citation needed] The most public, visible form of a search engine is a Web search engine which searches for information on the World Wide Web.
Search engines provide an interface to a group of items that enables users to specify criteria about an item of interest and have the engine find the matching items. The criteria are referred to as a search query. In the case of text search engines, the search query is typically expressed as a set of words that identify the desired concept that one or more documents may contain.[1] There are several styles of search query syntax that vary in strictness. It can also switch names within the search engines from previous sites. Whereas some text search engines require users to enter two or three words separated by white space, other search engines may enable users to specify entire documents, pictures, sounds, and various forms of natural language. Some search engines apply improvements to search queries to increase the likelihood of providing a quality set of items through a process known as query expansion. Query understanding methods can be used as standardize query language.
The list of items that meet the criteria specified by the query is typically sorted, or ranked. Ranking items by relevance (from highest to lowest) reduces the time required to find the desired information. Probabilistic search engines rank items based on measures of similarity (between each item and the query, typically on a scale of 1 to 0, 1 being most similar) and sometimes popularity or authority (see Bibliometrics) or use relevance feedback. Boolean search engines typically only return items which match exactly without regard to order, although the term boolean search engine may simply refer to the use of boolean-style syntax (the use of operators AND, OR, NOT, and XOR) in a probabilistic context. To provide a set of matching items that are sorted according to some criteria quickly, a search engine will typically collect metadata about the group of items under consideration beforehand through a process referred to as indexing. The index typically requires a smaller amount of computer storage, which is why some search engines only store the indexed information and not the full content of each item, and instead provide a method of navigating to the items in the search engine result page. Alternatively, the search engine may store a copy of each item in a cache so that users can see the state of the item at the time it was indexed or for archive purposes or to make repetitive processes work more efficiently and quickly.[2] Other types of search engines do not store an index. Crawler, or spider type search engines (a.k.a. real-time search engines) may collect and assess items at the time of the search query, dynamically considering additional items based on the contents of a starting item (known as a seed, or seed URL in the case of an Internet crawler). Meta search engines store neither an index nor a cache and instead simply reuse the index or results of one or more other search engine to provide an aggregated, final set of results. Database size, which had been a significant marketing feature through the early 2000s, was similarly displaced by emphasis on relevancy ranking, the methods by which search engines attempt to sort the best results first. Relevancy ranking first became a major issue circa 1996, when it became apparent that it was impractical to review full lists of results. Consequently, algorithms for relevancy ranking have continuously improved. Google's PageRank method for ordering the results has received the most press, but all major search engines continually refine their ranking methodologies with a view toward improving the ordering of results. As of 2006, search engine rankings are more important than ever, so much so that an industry has developed ("search engine optimizers", or "SEO") to help web-developers improve their search ranking, and an entire body of case law has developed around matters that affect search engine rankings, such as use of trademarks in metatags. The sale of search rankings by some search engines has also created controversy among librarians and consumer advocates.[3] Google's "Knowledge Panel." This is how information from the Knowledge Graph is presented to users. Search engine experience for users continues to be enhanced. Google's addition of the Google Knowledge Graph has had wider ramifications for the Internet, possibly even limiting certain websites traffic, for example Wikipedia. By pulling information and presenting it on Google's page, some argue that it can negatively affect other sites. However, there have been no major concerns.[4]
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Search engines that will search all computers on a companys network are called what?
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