Apa yang dimaksud dengan grid system bootstrap?

Question

Use our powerful mobile-first flexbox grid to build layouts of all shapes and sizes thanks to a twelve column system, five default responsive tiers, Sass variables and mixins, and dozens of predefined classes.

How it works

Bootstrap’s grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align content. It’s built with flexbox and is fully responsive. Below is an example and an in-depth look at how the grid comes together.

New to or unfamiliar with flexbox? for background, terminology, guidelines, and code snippets.


  

    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns

The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices using our predefined grid classes. Those columns are centered in the page with the parent


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

9.

Breaking it down, here’s how it works:

Containers provide a means to center and horizontally pad your site’s contents. Use


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

9 for a responsive pixel width or


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

1 for


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

2 across all viewport and device sizes.

Rows are wrappers for columns. Each column has horizontal


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

3 (called a gutter) for controlling the space between them. This


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

3 is then counteracted on the rows with negative margins. This way, all the content in your columns is visually aligned down the left side.

In a grid layout, content must be placed within columns and only columns may be immediate children of rows.

Thanks to flexbox, grid columns without a specified


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

5 will automatically layout as equal width columns. For example, four instances of


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

6 will each automatically be 25% wide from the small breakpoint and up. See the section for more examples.

Column classes indicate the number of columns you’d like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So, if you want three equal-width columns across, you can use


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

7.

Column


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

5s are set in percentages, so they’re always fluid and sized relative to their parent element.

Columns have horizontal


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

3 to create the gutters between individual columns, however, you can remove the


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

0 from rows and


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

3 from columns with


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

2 on the


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

3.

To make the grid responsive, there are five grid breakpoints, one for each : all breakpoints (extra small), small, medium, large, and extra large.

Grid breakpoints are based on minimum width media queries, meaning they apply to that one breakpoint and all those above it (e.g.,


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

4 applies to small, medium, large, and extra large devices, but not the first


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

5 breakpoint).

You can use predefined grid classes (like


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

7) or for more semantic markup.

Be aware of the limitations and bugs around flexbox, like the .

Grid options

While Bootstrap uses


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

7s or


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

8s for defining most sizes,


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

9s are used for grid breakpoints and container widths. This is because the viewport width is in pixels and does not change with the .

See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.

Extra small
<576pxSmall
≥576pxMedium
≥768pxLarge
≥992pxExtra large
≥1200pxMax container widthNone (auto)540px720px960px1140pxClass prefix


  
col
  col
  
  col
  col

0


  
col
  col
  
  col
  col

1


  
col
  col
  
  col
  col

2


  
col
  col
  
  col
  col

3


  
col
  col
  
  col
  col

4# of columns12Gutter width30px (15px on each side of a column)NestableYesColumn orderingYes

Auto-layout columns

Utilize breakpoint-specific column classes for easy column sizing without an explicit numbered class like


  
col
  col
  
  col
  col

5.

Equal-width

For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, from


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

5 to


  
col
  col
  
  col
  col

7. Add any number of unit-less classes for each breakpoint you need and every column will be the same width.

Equal-width columns can be broken into multiple lines, but there was a that prevented this from working without an explicit


  
col
  col
  
  col
  col

8 or


  
col
  col
  
  col
  col

9. There are workarounds for older browser versions, but they shouldn’t be necessary if you’re up-to-date.


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

Setting one column width

Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one column and have the sibling columns automatically resize around it. You may use predefined grid classes (as shown below), grid mixins, or inline widths. Note that the other columns will resize no matter the width of the center column.


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

Variable width content

Use


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

0 classes to size columns based on the natural width of their content.


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

Equal-width multi-row

Create equal-width columns that span multiple rows by inserting a


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

1 where you want the columns to break to a new line. Make the breaks responsive by mixing the


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

1 with some responsive display utilities.


  
col
  col
  
  col
  col

Responsive classes

Bootstrap’s grid includes five tiers of predefined classes for building complex responsive layouts. Customize the size of your columns on extra small, small, medium, large, or extra large devices however you see fit.

All breakpoints

For grids that are the same from the smallest of devices to the largest, use the


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

3 and


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

4 classes. Specify a numbered class when you need a particularly sized column; otherwise, feel free to stick to


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

3.


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

Stacked to horizontal

Using a single set of


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

6 classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked before becoming horizontal with at the small breakpoint (


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

7).


  
col-sm-8
  col-sm-4


  
col-sm
  col-sm
  col-sm

Mix and match

Don’t want your columns to simply stack in some grid tiers? Use a combination of different classes for each tier as needed. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.



  
.col-12 .col-md-8
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6 .col-md-4




  .col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4


.col-6
.col-6

Alignment

Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns.

Vertical alignment


  

    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns

0

Horizontal alignment

1

No gutters

The gutters between columns in our predefined grid classes can be removed with


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

2. This removes the negative


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

0s from


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

3 and the horizontal


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

3 from all immediate children columns.

Here’s the source code for creating these styles. Note that column overrides are scoped to only the first children columns and are targeted via attribute selector. While this generates a more specific selector, column padding can still be further customized with spacing utilities.

Need an edge-to-edge design? Drop the parent


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

9 or


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

1.

2

In practice, here’s how it looks. Note you can continue to use this with all other predefined grid classes (including column widths, responsive tiers, reorders, and more).

.col-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8

3

Column wrapping

If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.

.col-4
Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.

.col-6
Subsequent columns continue along the new line.

4

Column breaks

Breaking columns to a new line in flexbox requires a small hack: add an element with


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      2 of 3 (wider)
    
    
      3 of 3

2 wherever you want to wrap your columns to a new line. Normally this is accomplished with multiple


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

3s, but not every implementation method can account for this.

5

You may also apply this break at specific breakpoints with our responsive display utilities.

6

Reordering

Order classes

Use


  
col-sm-8
  col-sm-4


  
col-sm
  col-sm
  col-sm

6 classes for controlling the visual order of your content. These classes are responsive, so you can set the


  
col-sm-8
  col-sm-4


  
col-sm
  col-sm
  col-sm

7 by breakpoint (e.g.,


  
col-sm-8
  col-sm-4


  
col-sm
  col-sm
  col-sm

8). Includes support for


  
col-sm-8
  col-sm-4






col-sm
col-sm
col-sm

9 through



  
.col-12 .col-md-8
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6
  .col-6

0 across all five grid tiers.

7

There are also responsive



  
.col-12 .col-md-8
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6
  .col-6

1 and



  
.col-12 .col-md-8
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6
  .col-6

2 classes that change the


  
col-sm-8
  col-sm-4


  
col-sm
  col-sm
  col-sm

7 of an element by applying



  
.col-12 .col-md-8
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6
  .col-6

4 and



  
.col-12 .col-md-8
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6
  .col-6

5 (



  
.col-12 .col-md-8
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6
  .col-6

6), respectively. These classes can also be intermixed with the numbered



  
.col-12 .col-md-8
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6
  .col-6

7 classes as needed.

8

Offsetting columns

You can offset grid columns in two ways: our responsive



  
.col-12 .col-md-8
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6
  .col-6

8 grid classes and our margin utilities. Grid classes are sized to match columns while margins are more useful for quick layouts where the width of the offset is variable.

Offset classes

Move columns to the right using



  
.col-12 .col-md-8
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4
  .col-6 .col-md-4




  
.col-6
  .col-6

9 classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by


  

    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns

0 columns. For example,


  

    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns

1 moves


  

    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns

2 over four columns.

9

In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to reset offsets. See this in action in the grid example.

.col-sm-5 .offset-sm-2 .col-md-6 .offset-md-0

.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6

.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .offset-md-2 .col-lg-6 .offset-lg-0


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

0

Margin utilities

With the move to flexbox in v4, you can use margin utilities like


  

    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  




  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns

3 to force sibling columns away from one another.


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

1

Nesting

To nest your content with the default grid, add a new


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

3 and set of


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

6 columns within an existing


  
col
  col
  col
  col


  
col-8
  col-4

6 column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or fewer (it is not required that you use all 12 available columns).

Level 1: .col-sm-9

Level 2: .col-8 .col-sm-6

Level 2: .col-4 .col-sm-6


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

2

Sass mixins

When using Bootstrap’s source Sass files, you have the option of using Sass variables and mixins to create custom, semantic, and responsive page layouts. Our predefined grid classes use these same variables and mixins to provide a whole suite of ready-to-use classes for fast responsive layouts.

Variables

Variables and maps determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below.


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

3

Mixins

Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns.


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

4

Example usage

You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here’s an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between.


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

5


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

6

Customizing the grid

Using our built-in grid Sass variables and maps, it’s possible to completely customize the predefined grid classes. Change the number of tiers, the media query dimensions, and the container widths—then recompile.

Columns and gutters

The number of grid columns can be modified via Sass variables.


  

    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns

7 is used to generate the widths (in percent) of each individual column while


  

    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns

8 allows breakpoint-specific widths that are divided evenly across


  

    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
  
  
    

      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns
    
    
      One of three columns

9 and

00 for the column gutters.


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

7

Grid tiers

Moving beyond the columns themselves, you may also customize the number of grid tiers. If you wanted just four grid tiers, you’d update the

01 and

02 to something like this:


  

    
Column
    Column
    
    Column
    Column

8

When making any changes to the Sass variables or maps, you’ll need to save your changes and recompile. Doing so will output a brand new set of predefined grid classes for column widths, offsets, and ordering. Responsive visibility utilities will also be updated to use the custom breakpoints. Make sure to set grid values in


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

9 (not


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

8,


  

    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3
    
  
  
    

      1 of 3
    
    
      Variable width content
    
    
      3 of 3

7, or

06).

Ada berapakah jumlah grid system pada bootstrap?

Grid system pada bootstrap memiliki 5 class yang memiliki fungsi masing – masing, antara lain : .col – : (digunakan untuk device yang sangat kecil dengan ukuran lebar layar kurang dari 576 pixel)

Apa itu class Row?

Class row berfungsi untuk mengubah sifat dari div di dalamnya yang semula akan ditampilkan secara block, akan dapat ditampilkan secara inline. Maka dari itu div di dalamnya dapat dipaparkan secara horizontal. Class col berfungsi untuk mengubah div tersebut menjadi responsif terhadap lebar viewport.

Apa itu Container bootstrap?

Container bisa kita anggap sebagai wadah yang menampung semua element grid sistem atau element lain nya dari bootstrap. Class containers adalah class terluar dari sebuah elemen konten, dimana class ini akan mengatur lebar konten sesuai dengan class yang digunakan.

Apakah kamu tahu sistem yang merupakan pengaturan lebar untuk masing masing komponen pada bootstrap disebut?

Grid system adalah sistem pengaturan lebar untuk masing-masing komponen yang ingin kita buat. pengaturan ini bertujuan untuk mengatur ke-responsive-an website yang kita buar. Jadi kita bisa mengaturnya sesuai yang kita inginkan dengan sangat mudah.

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