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Comparison of transcendental and hermeneutic phenomenology

Transcendental (descriptive) phenomenologyHermeneutic
(interpretive) phenomenology
Philosophical originsHusserlHeidegger
Gadamer
Ontological assumptionsReality is internal to the knower; what appears in their consciousnessLived experience is an interpretive process situated in an individual’s lifeworld
Epistemological assumptionsObserver must separate him/herself from the world including his/her own physical being to reach the state of the transcendental I; bias-free; understands phenomena by descriptive meansObserver is part of the world and not bias free; understands phenomenon by interpretive means
Researcher role in data collectionBracket researcher subjectivity during data collection and analysisReflects on essential themes of participant experience with the phenomenon while simultaneously reflection on own experience
Researcher role in data analysis/writingConsider phenomena from different perspectives, identify units of meaning and cluster into themes to form textural description (the what of the phenomenon). Use imaginative variation to create structural (the how) description. Combine these descriptions to form the essence of the phenomenonIterative cycles of capturing and writing reflections towards a robust and nuanced analysis; consider how the data (or parts) contributed to evolving understanding of the phenomena (whole)
Methodological textsPolkinghorne [28]
Moustakas [18]
Giorgi [27]
Van Manen [12]
ExamplesTakavol [32]Bynum [2]