Which is system software that manages computer hardware software resources and provides common services for computer programs?

Define operating systems and describe its many functions.

Definition

  • An operating system is a group of computer programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices.
  • It is the first program loaded into the computer by a boot program and remains in memory at all times.
  • An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs.
  • The operating system is a vital component of the system software in a computer system.
  • Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
  • Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
  • For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently make a system call to an OS function or be interrupted by it.
  • Operating systems can be found on almost any device that contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
  • Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, GNU/Linux, OS X, QNX, Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS.
  • All these, except Windows and z/OS, share roots in UNIX.

 [Reference:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system]

Which is system software that manages computer hardware software resources and provides common services for computer programs?

Picture link:

http://www.webopedia.com/FIG/OPER-SYS.gif

The basic functions of an operating system are:

  1. Booting the computer
  2. Performs basic computer tasks eg managing the various peripheral devices eg mouse, keyboard
  3. Provides a user interface, e.g. command line, graphical user interface (GUI)
  4. Handles system resources such as computer's memory and sharing of the central processing unit (CPU) time by various applications or peripheral devices
  5. Provides file management which refers to the way that the operating system manipulates, stores, retrieves and saves data.
    • The process of starting or restarting the computer is known as booting. A cold boot is when you turn on a computer that has been turned off completely. A warm boot is the process of using the operating system to restart the computer. 

Which is system software that manages computer hardware software resources and provides common services for computer programs?

Picture link:

http://static.duartes.org/img/blogPosts/bootProcess.png

    • The operating system performs basic computer tasks, such as managing the various peripheral devices such as the mouse, keyboard and printers. For example, most operating systems now are plug and play which means a device such as a printer will automatically be detected and configured without any user intervention.

    • A user interacts with software through the user interface. The two main types of user interfaces are: command line and a graphical user interface (GUI).
    • With a command line interface, the user interacts with the operating system by typing commands to perform specific tasks.
    • An example of a command line interface is DOS (disk operating system).
    • With a graphical user interface, the user interacts with the operating system by using a mouse to access windows, icons, and menus.
    • An example of a graphical user interface is Windows Vista or Windows 7.
    • The operating system is responsible for providing a consistent application program interface (API) which is important as it allows a software developer to write an application on one computer and know that it will run on another computer of the same type even if the amount of memory or amount of storage is different on the two machines.
    • The operating system also handles system resources such as the computer's memory and sharing of the central processing unit (CPU) time by various applications or peripheral devices.
    • Programs and input methods are constantly competing for the attention of the CPU and demand memory, storage and input/output bandwidth.
    • The operating system ensures that each application gets the necessary resources it needs in order to maximize the functionality of the overall system.

Which is system software that manages computer hardware software resources and provides common services for computer programs?

Picture link:

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award/docs/globalhs2.gif

    • The operating system also handles the organization and tracking of files and directories (folders) saved or retrieved from a computer disk.
    • The file management system allows the user to perform such tasks as creating files and directories, renaming files, coping and moving files, and deleting files.
    • The operating system keeps track of where files are located on the hard drive through the type of file system.
    • The type two main types of file system are File Allocation table (FAT) or New Technology File system (NTFS).
    • File Allocation table (FAT)
    • New Technology file system (NTFS)
      • File Allocation table (FAT) uses the file allocation table which records, which clusters are used and unused and where files are located within the clusters.

      • NTFS is a file system introduced by Microsoft and it has a number of advantages over the previous file system, named FAT32 (File Allocation Table).

      • One major advantage of NTFS is that it includes features to improve reliablity.

      • For example, the new technology file system includes fault tolerance, which automatically repairs hard drive errors without displaying error messages.

      • It also keeps detailed transaction logs, which tracks hard drive errors.

      • This can help prevent hard disk failures and makes it possible to recover files if the hard drive does fail.

      • NTFS also allows permissions (such as read, write, and execute) to be set for individual directories and files.

Networking

  • network traffic

    Network traffic is the amount of data that moves across a network during any given time.

  • dynamic and static

    In general, dynamic means 'energetic, capable of action and/or change, or forceful,' while static means 'stationary or fixed.'

  • MAC address (media access control address)

    A MAC address (media access control address) is a 12-digit hexadecimal number assigned to each device connected to the network.

Security

  • Evil Corp

    Evil Corp is an international cybercrime network that uses malicious software to steal money from victims' bank accounts and to ...

  • Trojan horse

    In computing, a Trojan horse is a program downloaded and installed on a computer that appears harmless, but is, in fact, ...

  • quantum key distribution (QKD)

    Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method for exchanging encryption keys only known between shared parties.

CIO

  • green IT (green information technology)

    Green IT (green information technology) is the practice of creating and using environmentally sustainable computing.

  • benchmark

    A benchmark is a standard or point of reference people can use to measure something else.

  • spatial computing

    Spatial computing broadly characterizes the processes and tools used to capture, process and interact with 3D data.

HRSoftware

  • talent acquisition

    Talent acquisition is the strategic process employers use to analyze their long-term talent needs in the context of business ...

  • employee retention

    Employee retention is the organizational goal of keeping productive and talented workers and reducing turnover by fostering a ...

  • hybrid work model

    A hybrid work model is a workforce structure that includes employees who work remotely and those who work on site, in a company's...

Customer Experience

  • BOPIS (buy online, pick up in-store)

    BOPIS (buy online, pick up in-store) is a business model that allows consumers to shop and place orders online and then pick up ...

  • real-time analytics

    Real-time analytics is the use of data and related resources for analysis as soon as it enters the system.

  • database marketing

    Database marketing is a systematic approach to the gathering, consolidation and processing of consumer data.