What is the default install location for MySQL in Linux?

MySQL is a popular RDBMS (Relational Database Management System). MariaDB was born as a fork of MySQL. Nowadays the two products are a little bit different. Migrating data from one system to the other could not be a trivial task.

MariaDB is fully GPLv2 licensed while MySQL has two licensing options, GPLv2 (for the Community edition) and Enterprise.

In the Fedora repositories you can find:

• MariaDB 10.3 (as a regular package or as a module)

• MariaDB 10.4 (as a module)

• MySQL 8.0 community edition (as a regular package or as a module)

MariaDB and MySQL packages conflict because they provide similar files. So, you can only install one of them, either MariaDB or MySQL, but not both.

In addition you can also install MySQL commmunity edition (8.0 or 5.7) from the repository maintained by Oracle/MySQL itself.

Install from Oracle MySQL

This page discusses third-party software sources not officially affiliated with or endorsed by the Fedora Project. Use them at your own discretion. Fedora recommends the use of free and open source software and avoidance of software encumbered by patents.

Adding the MySQL repository to Fedora

Please download the release package provided by Oracle from: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ Once downloaded, please install it using dnf:

sudo dnf install <path to downloaded rpm>

Please note that this repository is provided by Oracle so any issues/bugs encountered will need to be reported to them via their communication channels: https://www.mysql.com/about/faq/

Installing MySQL on Fedora

sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

Start MySQL Service and Enable at Loggin:

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

find Default Password, For security reasons, MySQL generates a temporary root key. Please note that MySQL has even stricter security policies than MariaDB.

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

Configuring MySQL before the first use

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Then, answer the security questions as you prefer. or just say yes to all of them.

Using MySQL

sudo mysql -u root -p

Removing MySQL

I suggest to remove in the following way, the most appropriate and safe way without removing many dependencies is:

sudo rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-libs mysql-community-common mysql-community-server

Install from Fedora Main Repo

The community provide a MySQL package in the main repo.

sudo dnf install {community-mysql-server|mariadb-server}

Configuring MySQL/MariaDB

Enable the service at boot and start:

sudo systemctl enable {mysqld|mariadb}
sudo systemctl start  {mysqld|mariadb}

Installing MariaDB server from the Fedora Modular repository

To list the available versions (streams in modularity terminology) of MariaDB:

dnf module list mariadb

To enable the version of MariaDB you want to use and make the stream RPMs available in the package set:

sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

At this point you can verify that the available RPM provides the 10.4 verison of MariaDB server:

sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

To install MariaDB server:

sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

With modules, you could also install a specific profile: like client, devel or galera (the multi-master replica). For instance, if you don’t want to install the server stuff, but only the client packages:

sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

• MariaDB default root password is empty.

Configuring SQL before the first use

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Some questions will be asked: answer to them as you prefer; answering yes to all of them is perfectly fine.

Using SQL

sudo mysql -u root -p

Removing SQL

I suggest to remove in the following way:

sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

Install from Podman

Downloading a SQL Server Docker Image

sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

See Logs

sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

Starting a MySQL Server Instance

The command’s below contain the random password generated for the root user;

sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

Starting a MariaDB Server Instance

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

Password blank default for MariaDB

The -d option used for BOTH in the podman run command above makes the container run in the background. Use this command to monitor the output from the container:

Connecting to MySQL Server from within the Container

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

you must reset the server root password by issuing this statement:

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

Connecting to MariaDB Server from within the Container

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

Reseting SQL_ROOT_PASSWORD

you must reset the server root password by issuing this statement:

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

Stopping and Deleting a SQL Container

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

Deleting a SQL Container

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

you can do the same with docker just change podman with docker.

Using the RDBMS

Connect to the MySQL/MariaDB shell using the

sudo mysql -u root -p

For both of them, the command is

sudo mysql -u root -p

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

Once gained access to the shell you can get the running version of the software:

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

You can create a database:

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

Create a user:

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

List the available databases:

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

Files location

The database disk storage is located in

sudo mysql -u root -p

How To Allow Remote Access MySQL/MariaDB/MYSQL Community

Add New Rule to Firewalld

Open SQL port (3306) on FireWalld:

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

OR

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

Restart firewalld.service

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

Editing Conf. Files:

Configuration files:

• MySQL →

  sudo mysql -u root -p

  7

• MySQL Community →

  sudo mysql -u root -p

  8

• MariaDB →

  sudo mysql -u root -p

  9

you can ensure that with the following command

sudo rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-libs mysql-community-common mysql-community-server

Navigate to the line that begins with the bind-address directive. It will look like this: you could set this directive to a wildcard IP address, either *, ::, or 0.0.0.0:

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

After changing this line, save and close the file and then restart the MySQL service:

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

Creating a USER

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

Replace your_username and your_password depending on what you want the username and password to be. Here, host_ip_addr is the hostname or IP address of the computer from where you want to connect to the MySQL/MariaDB server. You can also use % as host_ip_addr if you want to connect from any computer. It can also be something like 192.168.2.% if you want to connect from computers from the IP range 192.168.2.1 – 192.168.2.254.

Allow Access

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

#OR

It is common for people to want to create a "root" user that can connect from anywhere, so as an example, we’ll do just that, but to improve on it we’ll create a root user that can connect from anywhere on the local area network (LAN)

sudo mysql_secure_installation

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Connecting

sudo mysql_secure_installation

How To Troubleshoot Issues in SQL

Version:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Check parameters in configuration file:

• MySQL:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

• MariaDB/MySQL Comunnity:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Compatiblity between different version are not allowed Just install one of them.

How to Access SQL Error Logs

Oftentimes, the root cause of slowdowns, crashes, or other unexpected behavior in SQL can In many cases, the error logs are most easily read with the less program, a command line u

if SQL isn’t behaving as expected, you can obtain more information about the source of the

• systemctl status mysqld.service doesn’t start well, This information doesn’t explain well what is happening?, after this command you should type

  sudo rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-libs mysql-community-common mysql-community-server

  1.

• Look at Log files, can be located in

  sudo rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-libs mysql-community-common mysql-community-server

  2 for MySQL, and

  sudo rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-libs mysql-community-common mysql-community-server

  3 for MariaDB.

How To Troubleshoot Socket Errors in SQL

SQL manages connections to the database server through the use of a socket file, a special kind of file that facilitates communications between different processes. The MySQL server’s socket file is named mysqld.sock and on Ubuntu systems it’s usually stored in the /var/run/mysqld/ directory. This file is created by the MySQL service automatically.

Sometimes, changes to your system or your SQL configuration can result in SQL being unable to read the socket file, preventing you from gaining access to your databases. The most common socket error looks like this:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

There are a few reasons why this error may occur, and a few potential ways to resolve it. One common cause of this error is that the SQL service is stopped or did not start to begin with, meaning that it was unable to create the socket file in the first place. To find out if this is the reason you’re seeing this error, try starting the service with systemctl:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Then try accessing the MySQL prompt once again. If you still encounter the socket error, there’s likely a deeper issue with your MySQL instance, in which case you should review the error log to see if it can provide any clues.

Where is the MySQL installation directory?

What is the default location for MySQL database?

Where is MySQL database file Linux?