Python membaca file ke kamus

Kode Python berikut membaca file menggunakan fungsi open(). Setiap baris sebagai string dipisahkan pada karakter spasi. Komponen pertama digunakan sebagai kunci dan komponen kedua sebagai nilai

d = {}
with open("dict.txt") as f:
for line in f:
    (key, val) = line.split()
    d[int(key)] = val

print (d)

Output menunjukkan isi file dalam bentuk kamus

{1: 'aaa', 2: 'bbb', 3: 'ccc'}

Struktur tabel hash kunci/nilai Python yang efisien disebut dict (seperti kamus). Isi dict dapat ditulis sebagai rangkaian

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

Mencari atau mengatur nilai dalam dict menggunakan tanda kurung siku, mis. g.

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

## Can build up a dict by starting with the empty dict {}
## and storing key/value pairs into the dict like this:
## dict[key] = value-for-that-key

d = {}
d['a'] = 'alpha'
d['g'] = 'gamma'
d['o'] = 'omega'

print(d)

# Access the value associated with the key 'a'
print(d['a'])

# Update the value associated with key 'a'
d['a'] = 'amy'
print(d['a'])

# Does the dict contain the key 'a'?
'a' in d

print(d['z'])                    ## Throws KeyError

if 'z' in d: print(d['z'])       ## Avoid KeyError
print(d.get('z'))                ## None (instead of KeyError)
print(d.get('z', ''))            ## Empty string (instead of None)

A for loop pada kamus mengulang kuncinya secara default. Kunci akan muncul dalam urutan sewenang-wenang. Metode

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

d = {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}

## By default, iterating over a dict iterates over its keys.
## Note that the keys are in a random order.
for key in d:
    print(key)

## Exactly the same as above
for key in d.keys():
    print(key)

## Get the .keys() list:
print(d.keys()) ## ['a', 'o', 'g']

## Likewise, there's a .values() list of values
print(d.values()) ## ['alpha', 'omega', 'gamma']

## Common case -- loop over the keys in sorted order,
## accessing each key/value
for key in sorted(d.keys()):
    print(key, d[key])

## .items() is the d expressed as (key, value) tuples
print(d.items())  ##  [('a', 'alpha'), ('o', 'omega'), ('g', 'gamma')]

## This loop syntax accesses the whole dict by looping
## over the .items() tuple list, accessing one (key, value)
## pair on each iteration.
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, '>', v)

Catatan strategi. dari sudut pandang kinerja, kamus adalah salah satu alat terhebat Anda, dan Anda harus menggunakannya semampu Anda sebagai cara mudah untuk mengatur data. Misalnya, Anda mungkin membaca file log di mana setiap baris dimulai dengan alamat IP, dan menyimpan data ke dalam dict menggunakan alamat IP sebagai kuncinya, dan daftar baris yang muncul sebagai nilainya. Setelah Anda membaca seluruh file, Anda dapat mencari alamat IP apa pun dan langsung melihat daftar barisnya. Kamus mengambil data yang tersebar dan membuatnya menjadi sesuatu yang koheren

Pemformatan Dikte

Operator

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

Del

Operator

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

num = 6
del num  # num no more!

list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
del list[0]     ## Delete first element
del list[-2:]   ## Delete last two elements
print(list)     ## ['b']

d = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
del d['b']   ## Delete 'b' entry
print(d)     ## {'a':1, 'c':3}

File

Fungsi

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

num = 6
del num  # num no more!

list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
del list[0]     ## Delete first element
del list[-2:]   ## Delete last two elements
print(list)     ## ['b']

d = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
del d['b']   ## Delete 'b' entry
print(d)     ## {'a':1, 'c':3}

num = 6
del num  # num no more!

list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
del list[0]     ## Delete first element
del list[-2:]   ## Delete last two elements
print(list)     ## ['b']

d = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
del d['b']   ## Delete 'b' entry
print(d)     ## {'a':1, 'c':3}

num = 6
del num  # num no more!

list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
del list[0]     ## Delete first element
del list[-2:]   ## Delete last two elements
print(list)     ## ['b']

d = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
del d['b']   ## Delete 'b' entry
print(d)     ## {'a':1, 'c':3}

num = 6
del num  # num no more!

list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
del list[0]     ## Delete first element
del list[-2:]   ## Delete last two elements
print(list)     ## ['b']

d = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
del d['b']   ## Delete 'b' entry
print(d)     ## {'a':1, 'c':3}

Untuk daftar lengkap mode, lihat pertanyaan StackOverFlow ini

For-loop standar berfungsi untuk file teks, mengulang melalui baris file (ini hanya berfungsi untuk file teks, bukan file biner). Teknik for-loop adalah cara sederhana dan efisien untuk melihat semua baris dalam file teks

# Print the contents of a file
f = open('foo.txt')
for line in f:
    print(line)

f.close()

Perhatikan baris

hash = {}
hash['word'] = 'garfield'
hash['count'] = 42
s = 'I want %(count)d copies of %(word)s' % hash
print(s)

num = 6
del num  # num no more!

list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
del list[0]     ## Delete first element
del list[-2:]   ## Delete last two elements
print(list)     ## ['b']

d = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
del d['b']   ## Delete 'b' entry
print(d)     ## {'a':1, 'c':3}

with open('foo.txt') as f:
    for line in f:
        print(line)

f.closed

Membaca satu baris pada satu waktu memiliki kualitas yang bagus sehingga tidak semua file perlu masuk ke dalam memori pada satu waktu – berguna jika Anda ingin melihat setiap baris dalam file 10 gigabyte tanpa menggunakan memori 10 gigabyte. Metode

num = 6
del num  # num no more!

list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
del list[0]     ## Delete first element
del list[-2:]   ## Delete last two elements
print(list)     ## ['b']

d = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
del d['b']   ## Delete 'b' entry
print(d)     ## {'a':1, 'c':3}

num = 6
del num  # num no more!

list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
del list[0]     ## Delete first element
del list[-2:]   ## Delete last two elements
print(list)     ## ['b']

d = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
del d['b']   ## Delete 'b' entry
print(d)     ## {'a':1, 'c':3}

num = 6
del num  # num no more!

list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
del list[0]     ## Delete first element
del list[-2:]   ## Delete last two elements
print(list)     ## ['b']

d = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
del d['b']   ## Delete 'b' entry
print(d)     ## {'a':1, 'c':3}

Untuk penulisan, metode

num = 6
del num  # num no more!

list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
del list[0]     ## Delete first element
del list[-2:]   ## Delete last two elements
print(list)     ## ['b']

d = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
del d['b']   ## Delete 'b' entry
print(d)     ## {'a':1, 'c':3}

# Add some lines to a file
with open('foo.txt', 'a') as f:
  f.write('Yet another line\n')
  f.write('And another!\n')

File Unicode

Seperti membaca dan menulis string, unicode dulu sulit ditangani di python2, di python3 UTF-8 adalah penyandian default sehingga sebagian besar waktu Anda tidak perlu menentukan penyandian. Terkadang Anda mungkin perlu menggunakan sesuatu seperti

# Print the contents of a file
f = open('foo.txt')
for line in f:
    print(line)

f.close()

with open('foo.html', 'w') as f:
  f.write("\U0001F383" * 10)

with open('foo.html') as f:
  for line in f:
    print(line,end=' ')

Latihan Pengembangan Inkremental

Membangun program Python, jangan menulis semuanya dalam satu langkah. Alih-alih mengidentifikasi hanya tonggak pertama, mis. g. “baik langkah pertama adalah mengekstrak daftar kata. ” Tulis kode untuk mencapai tonggak sejarah itu, dan cukup cetak struktur data Anda pada saat itu, lalu Anda dapat melakukan sistem. exit(0) sehingga program tidak berjalan maju ke bagian yang belum selesai. Setelah kode tonggak berfungsi, Anda dapat mengerjakan kode untuk tonggak berikutnya. Mampu melihat cetakan variabel Anda di satu keadaan dapat membantu Anda berpikir tentang bagaimana Anda perlu mengubah variabel tersebut untuk menuju ke keadaan berikutnya. Python sangat cepat dengan pola ini, memungkinkan Anda membuat sedikit perubahan dan menjalankan program untuk melihat cara kerjanya. Manfaatkan perputaran cepat itu untuk membangun program Anda dalam langkah-langkah kecil

Catatan. jika Anda menggunakan konsol QGIS untuk pengembangan maka Anda mungkin perlu menambahkan path lengkap ke nama file dalam pernyataan

# Print the contents of a file
f = open('foo.txt')
for line in f:
    print(line)

f.close()

`main(r'C:\Users\PhotonUser\My Files\Home Folder\python\basic\small.txt', True)`

Latihan. jumlah kata. py

Menggabungkan semua materi Python dasar – string, daftar, dikte, tupel, file – coba rangkuman jumlah kata. py latihan di Latihan Dasar

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